The Discussion on Kantian Criticism and the Emergence of the "Better Consciousness" in the Manuscripts of the Young Schopenhauer

Abstract

This article examines key aspects of the theoretical framework surrounding the emergence of the concept of "better consciousness" in Arthur Schopenhauer's manuscripts from his Berlin period (1811-1812). Fundamental to his project of constructing an autonomous philosophical system, this concept emerges from his engagement with Fichte's and Schelling's philosophies and his subsequent critical dialogue with Kantian thought. Schopenhauer develops his philosophical approach with the aim of establishing a genuine critical philosophy capable of demarcating the legitimate sphere of intellectual activity and distinguishing it from the domain of "better consciousness" - which represents humanity's profoundest essence and manifests beyond the boundaries of experience. However, Schopenhauer acknowledges the theoretical tension between this conception and his adherence to the epistemological limits established by Kant. Consequently, as his philosophy evolves throughout the manuscripts, the "better consciousness" gradually recedes in importance, yielding to the concept of Will, which would ultimately become the cornerstone of his mature philosophy.