Post-mortem audiovisual identities. Between the preservation of memory and the threat of manipulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34096/ics.i53.16755Keywords:
Post-mortem audiovisual identity, Digital preservation, Digital Manipulation, Deepfakes, Artificial intelligence, Digital memoryAbstract
This study examines post mortem digital audiovisual identity from a dual perspective:
its preservation as part of individual and collective memory and the risks associated
with its manipulation through artificial intelligence technologies. To achieve this, a
systematic literature review was conducted using high-impact academic databases
and specialized sources, identifying key approaches to digital identity, audiovisual
preservation, and deepfakes. The findings highlight the growing relevance of audiovisual identity in shaping memory in the digital age, as well as the vulnerability of these records to be manipulated. Preservation strategies such as digital archiving, metadata management, and blockchain authentication are discussed, and contrasted with the challenges posed by technological advancements. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for clear regulations and advanced verification tools to prevent the falsification of digital memory from happening. The preservation of post mortem
audiovisual identity requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates technology, ethics, and legislation to ensure its authenticity and long-term protection.
ARK CAICYT: https://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18511740/ky0mrr04x
Downloads
References
Ajder, Henry, Giorgio Patrini, Francesco Cavalli y Laurence Cullen. 2019. The state of deepfakes: landscape, threats, and impact. Amsterdam: Deeptrace. <https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/10/08/deepfake_report.pdf> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Arnold, Michael, Martin Gibbs, Tamara Kohn, James Meese y Bjorn Nansen. 2017. Death and Digital Media. Londres: Routledge. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315688749>
Boté-Vericad, Juan J. y Mari Vállez. 2022. Aplicaciones de deepfakes. Manipulación de contenido audiovisual y riesgos para los usuarios basados en las políticas de privacidad. En Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información. Vol. 45, no. 1, 25-32. <https://doi.org/10.5209/dcin.77256>
Caldera Serrano, Jorge y Pilar Arranz Escacha. 2012. Documentación audiovisual en televisión. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
Cerdán Martínez, Víctor, María Luisa García Guardia y Graciela Padilla Castillo. 2020. Alfabetización moral digital para la detección de deepfakes y fakes audiovisuales. En CIC. Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación. Vol. 25, 165-181. <https://doi.org/10.5209/ciyc.68762>
Citron, Danielle K. y Robert Chesney. 2019. Deepfakes and the New Disinformation War. En Foreing Affairs. No. Enero/Febrero. <https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/shorter_works/76> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
González Mendoza, Diana P. 2020. Los perfiles digitales después de la muerte, una perspectiva europea. En Estudios En Derecho a La Información. Vol. 1, no. 11, 3–26. <https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.25940082e.2021.11.15298>
Hakak, Saqib, Wazir Zada Khan, Gulshan Amin Gilkar, Basem Assiri, Mamoun Alazab, Sweta Bhattacharya y G Thippa Reddy. 2020. Recent advances in Blockchain Technology: A survey on Applications and Challenges. En arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.05718. <https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05718> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Kietzmann, Jan, Linda W. Lee, Ian P. McCarthy y Tim C. Kietzmann. 2020. Deepfakes: trick o treat? En Business Horizons. Vol. 63, 135-146. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.11.006>
León Gavilanez, Kevin F. 2023. Preservación digital. Estudio de alfabetización. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca. Programa de doctorado Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento. <https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/153058/Kevin%20Leo%CC%81n-Gavilanez-rep.pdf?sequence=1> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
León-Moreno José A., Felipe Zapico-Alonso y Jorge Caldera-Serrano. 2016. ¿Archivos audiovisuales aún sin digitalizar? seguridad, preservación y amortización. En Cuadernos de Documentación Multimedia. Vol. 27, no. 2, 178-190. <https://doi.org/10.5209/CDMU.54488>
Lyon, Santiago. 2021. The case for content authenticity in an age of desinformation, deepfakes and NFTs. En Adobe Blog. <https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2021/10/22/content-authenticity-in-age-of-disinformation-deepfakes-nfts> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Malinauskaite, Jurgita y Fatih B. Erdem. 2021. Planned obsolescence in the contexto f a holistic legal sphere and the circulas econonomy. En Oxford Journal of Legal Studios. Vol. 41, no. 3, 719- 749. <https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa061>
Maras, Marie-H. y Alex Alexandrou. 2019. Determining authenticity of video evidence in the age of artificial intelligence and in the wake of Deepfake videos. En The International Journal of Evidence y Proof. Vol. 23, no. 3, 255-262. <https://doi.org/10.1177/1365712718807226>
Martin, Carolyn W. y Isabel Jonson. 2024. Legal and ethical issues in phosthumous art and artificial intelligence. En Lutzker y Lutzker. <https://www.lutzker.com/legal-and-ethical-issues-in-posthumous-art-and-artificial-intelligence/> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Norman, Michael. 2022. Open reel to open source: digital preservation of the UK´svideotape heritage. Knowledge and Collections. BFI. <https://blog.bfi.org.uk/knowledge-and-collections/open-reel-to-open-source-digital-preservation-of-the-uks-videotape-heritage/> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Ochoa-Gutiérrez, Jaider, Andrés R. Sáenz Giraldo y Tatiana Tirado Tamayo. 2021. Experiencias de gestión de los procesos de preservación digital a partir del modelo OAIS en repositorios institucionales. En Anales de Documentación. Vol. 24, no. 1. <https://doi.org/10.6018/analesdoc.428141>
Otero Crespo, Marta. 2024. Post-Mortem Data Protection and Succession in Digital Assets Under Spanish Law. En Carneiro Pacheco de Andrade, Francisco A., Pedro M. Fernandes Freitas y Joana R. de Sousa Covelo de Abreu, eds. Legal Developments on Cybersecurity and Related Fields. Cham: Springer. Law, Governance and Technology Series. Vol 60. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41820-4_10>
Panorama Audiovisual. 2025. BBC encarga a Memnon la digitalización de su amplio legado de archivos de audio. <https://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/2023/09/08/bbc-encarga-memnon-digitalizacion-legado-archivos-audio/> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Paris, Britt y Joan Donovan. 2019. Deepfakes and cheap fakes: the manipulation of audio and visual evidence. En Data y Society. No. septiembre. <https://datasociety.net/library/deepfakes-and-cheap-fakes/> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Póveda López, Inés C., Jorge Caldera Serrano y Juan A. Polo Carrión. 2010. Definición del objeto de trabajo y conceptualización de los Sistemas de Información Audiovisual de la Televisión. En Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, bibliotecología E información. Vol. 24, no. 50. <https://doi.org/10.22201/iibi.0187358xp.2010.50.21409>
Reda, El Y. 2024. Exploring the Components of Digital Identity on Social Networks Sites: Identifier, Post, Pro file Photo, and Selfie. En European Scientific Journal, ESJ. Vol. 20, no. 1, 1. <https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n1p1>
Robles-Carrillo, Margarita. 2024. Digital identity: an approach to its nature, concept, and functionalities. En International Journal of Law and Information Technology. Vol. 32, no. 1, eaae019. <https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaae019>
Rosenthal, David S. H. 2010. Format obsolescence: assesing the threat and the defenses. En Library Hi Tech. Vol. 28, no. 2, 195-210. <https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831011047613>
Schonfeld, Roger. C. 2018. Why is the digital preservation network disbanding? En The Scholarly kitchen. <https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2018/12/13/digital-preservation-network-disband/> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Singh, Vishal, Ayush Aggarwal, Vidit Biswas y Amrit K. Agarwal. 2025. Advances in digital watermarking using Deep Learning: a comprehensive review. En International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol. 12, no. 1, 602-611. <https://www.irjet.net/archives/V12/i1/IRJET-V12I191.pdf> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Stokes, Patrick. 2012. Ghosts in the Machine: Do the Dead Live on in Facebook? En Philosophy & Technology. Vol. 25, 363–379. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-011-0050-7>
Sedlmeir, Johannes, Reilly Smethurst, Alexander Rieger y Gilbert Fridgen. 2021. Digital identities and verifiable credentials. En Business y Information Systems Engineering. Vol. 63, no. 6, 603-613. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00722-y>
UNESCO. 2003. Directrices para la preservación del patrimonio digital. <https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000130071_spa> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Vaccari, Cristian y Andrew Chadwick. 2020. Deepfakes and disinformation: exploring the impacto of synthetic political video on decepción, uncertainty and trust in news. En Social Medis + Spociety. Vol. 6, no. 1. <https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903408>
Vanhaecht, Jan, David Mapgaonkar y Andre Romanovskiy. 2020. The future of digital identity. En Deloitte. <https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/services/consulting-risk/perspectives/the-future-of-digital-identity.html> [Consulta: 30 septiembre 2025]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Caldera-Serrano

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in this journal acknowledge the conditions below:
- Authors retain the copyright of their work while they transfer the right of the first publishing to the journal, under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Licence, which allows third parties to reproduce them under the condition that express mention is given to the author and to its original publication in the journal.
- Authors may enter into other contractual and independent arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (for instance, it can be published in an institutional repository or in a book). In any case, an express mention should be given to its first publication in the journal.
- It is permitted and encouraged to publish online the articles (for example, on institutional or personal pages).






















